The spinal cord provides innervation for the trunk and limbs through the
paired spinal nerves and their peripheral ramifications. Through them it
receives primary afferent fibres from peripheral receptors located in widespread
somatic and visceral structures. It also sends motor axons to skeletal
muscle and provides autonomic innervation of cardiac and smooth muscle
and secretory glands. Many functions are regulated by intraspinal reflex connections.
Profuse ascending and descending pathways link the spinal cord with

Filarial epididymoorchitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the epididymis and testicles due to infection with filarial parasites. Filarial parasites are tiny, thread-like worms that are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes.

The symptoms of filarial epididymoorchitis can vary but commonly include swelling, pain, and tenderness in the affected testicle, as well as fever and chills. In some cases, the lymph nodes in the groin may also become swollen and tender.

Thyroid goiter, also known as an enlarged thyroid gland, can have various pathological features. It is typically characterized by an increase in the size and weight of the thyroid gland, which can be caused by a variety of underlying conditions.

A benign simple serous adenoma is a type of tumor that arises from the cells lining the surface of the ovary. It is usually a small, round, fluid-filled cyst that is typically found incidentally during imaging studies or surgery.

Pathologically, simple serous adenomas are characterized by a single layer of cells lining the cyst wall, with no evidence of atypia or invasion. The cells are typically small, cuboidal or columnar in shape, and have a uniform appearance. The cyst is usually filled with clear or pale yellow fluid, which is often described as serous.

A benign serous cystadenoma is a type of ovarian tumor that arises from the cells lining the surface of the ovary. It is typically a large cystic tumor that is filled with clear, watery fluid.

Pathologically, serous cystadenomas are characterized by a single layer of cells lining the cyst wall, with no evidence of atypia or invasion. The cells are typically columnar in shape, and have a uniform appearance. The cyst is usually filled with clear or pale yellow fluid, which is often described as serous.

Splenomegaly, which is the medical term for an enlarged spleen, can be a sign of an underlying health condition. Here are some important points related to splenomegaly:

Serous and mucinous borderline tumors, also known as borderline ovarian tumors, are a type of tumor that is typically found in the ovary. These tumors are characterized by abnormal cell growth that is not invasive like malignant tumors, but is more aggressive than benign tumors.

Fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are benign tumors that can arise in various parts of the body, including the uterus, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Fibroids can also arise in the appendix, which is a small, tube-like structure attached to the cecum, the first part of the large intestine.

Intestinal lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic tissue in the intestine. Here are some anatomy points related to intestinal lymphoma:

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant tumor that arises from the squamous cells, which are the flat, scale-like cells that make up the outer layer of the skin and mucous membranes. SCC can arise in various parts of the body, including the oral cavity, where it is known as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). When OSCC arises in the mandible, it is known as mandibular squamous cell carcinoma.