A benign simple serous adenoma is a type of tumor that arises from the cells lining the surface of the ovary. It is usually a small, round, fluid-filled cyst that is typically found incidentally during imaging studies or surgery.
Pathologically, simple serous adenomas are characterized by a single layer of cells lining the cyst wall, with no evidence of atypia or invasion. The cells are typically small, cuboidal or columnar in shape, and have a uniform appearance. The cyst is usually filled with clear or pale yellow fluid, which is often described as serous.
Microscopically, simple serous adenomas are composed of cystic spaces lined by a single layer of flattened to cuboidal cells, often with a clear cytoplasm. The cysts may be lined by ciliated cells, which have hair-like projections that help move fluid through the cyst. The cysts may also contain proteinaceous or hemorrhagic fluid.
On gross examination, simple serous adenomas are usually small, measuring less than 5 cm in diameter. They are typically well-circumscribed, with a smooth, glistening surface. The cysts may be unilocular or multilocular and may contain solid areas.
Simple serous adenomas are typically benign and do not have the potential to become malignant. They are usually asymptomatic and require no treatment unless they are large enough to cause discomfort or if there are concerns about the possibility of malignancy.