RACK 6 ABDOMEN AND CLINICAL ANATOMY

Testicles (testes) are paired, oval-shaped male gonads situated in the scrotum, responsible for producing sperm and testosterone. Measuring roughly

A coronal section of the large intestine reveals a U-shaped arrangement within the abdominal cavity, framing the small intestine. This section typically displays the cecum and ascending colon on the right, the transverse colon spanning the top, and the descending/sigmoid colon on the left. 

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Key features visible in a coronal view include:

The ileum and cecum meet at the right lower quadrant, forming a complex junction featuring the ileocecal valve, which is surrounded by two mucosal lips (superior/inferior) that act as a sphincter.

The jejunum features numerous large, tall, and closely packed permanent circular folds known as plicae circulares (valves of Kerckring) that are significantly more prominent than in the ileum. These, along with finger-like villi, create a massive surface area for nutrient absorption and appear as a "feathery" pattern on imaging. 

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The duodenum is the initial, C-shaped, 25–30 cm (10-inch) segment of the small intestine connecting the pylorus of the stomach to the jejunum, primarily acting as a site for chemical digestion. It surrounds the head of the pancreas at the level of L1–L3 vertebrae and is mostly retroperitoneal. It is divided into four parts: superior (bulb), descending, horizontal, and ascending. 

The spleen is a highly vascular, bean-shaped lymphoid organ situated in the left upper quadrant (hypochondrium) of the abdomen, typically protected by the 9th to 11th ribs. Weighing about 150–200g, it acts as a blood filter, removing aged red blood cells and initiating immune responses. It consists of red pulp (filters blood) and white pulp (lymphoid tissue) surrounded by a fibroelastic capsule. 

The descending aorta, a major continuation of the aortic arch, runs from the lower border of the T4 vertebra down to the T12 vertebra, transitioning from the thoracic to the abdominal aorta at the diaphragm. It sits in the posterior mediastinum, initially left of the vertebral column, moving medially to provide blood to the chest, esophagus, lungs, and diaphragm before branching into the abdominal aorta. 

The popliteal artery is one of the major arteries of the leg. It is a continuation of the femoral artery, travels across the popliteal fossa, and finally bifurcates into the anterior and posterior tibial ends. Across it journey it gives off numerous branches that supply several structures such as the knee joint and its components, together with major muscles of the leg.

Arteries and veins are blood vessels with a shared three-layered structure (tunica intima, media, adventitia) but distinct, specialized anatomy for transporting blood. Arteries are thick-walled, elastic vessels with narrow lumens designed to carry oxygenated blood under high pressure away from the heart, while veins are thinner, less muscular vessels with wide lumens and valves, transporting deoxygenated blood back to the heart at low pressure

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Anatomical Structure Comparison

The location of the femoral artery is at the top of your thigh in an area called the femoral triangle. The triangle is just below your groin, which is the crease where your abdomen ends and your legs begin. The femoral artery runs to the lower thigh and ends behind the knee. At the knee, the femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery.

What are the parts of your femoral artery?

The anatomy of the femoral artery includes: