The lungs are two large organs located within the chest cavity. They are responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment. Each lung is divided into several lobes, with the right lung having three lobes and the left lung having two lobes.

Clinical Relevance: Congenital Abnormalities of the Kidneys

Pelvic Kidney

In utero, the kidneys develop in the pelvic region and ascend to the lumbar retroperitoneal area. Occasionally, one of the kidneys can fail to ascend and remains in the pelvis – usually at the level of the common iliac artery.

Horseshoe Kidney

A horseshoe kidney (also known as a cake kidney or fused kidney) is where the two developing kidneys fuse into a single horseshoe-shaped structure.

Clinical anatomy of the heart refers to the study of the heart and its surrounding structures as they relate to the diagnosis and treatment of heart conditions. Some important aspects of clinical anatomy of the heart include:

Coronary circulation: The heart is supplied with oxygen and nutrients by the coronary arteries, which branch off from the aorta. Blockages or narrowing of these arteries can lead to a heart attack.

In the Thigh and Gluteal Region

Femoral Artery

The main artery of the lower limb is the femoral artery. It is a continuation of the external iliac artery (terminal branch of the abdominal aorta). The external iliac becomes the femoral artery when it crosses under the inguinal ligament and enters the femoral triangle.

Anatomical Position

The spleen is located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen, under cover of the diaphragm and  the ribcage – and therefore cannot normally be palpated on clinical examination (except when enlarged). It is an intraperitoneal organ, entirely surrounded by peritoneum (except at the splenic hilum).

Brain clinical anatomy 

Clinical anatomy is the application of anatomy in medical practice. In the case of brain clinical anatomy, it refers to the study of the structure and function of the brain as it relates to the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.

The brain is a complex organ consisting of different regions, each with specific functions. Understanding the anatomy of the brain is essential for identifying and diagnosing neurological conditions.

Some of the important structures of the brain include:

The aortic arch is a critical structure located in the thoracic region of the body that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the head, neck, and upper extremities. It is composed of three main branches, each of which supplies blood to different parts of the body. Here is a brief overview of the clinical anatomy of the aortic arch:

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular organ that is located in the pelvis and serves as a temporary reservoir for urine. It is part of the urinary system and plays a key role in the storage and elimination of urine from the body.

The anatomy of the urinary bladder, as taught in MD programs, includes the following structures:

The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs located in the abdomen, just below the ribcage, and on either side of the spine. The kidneys are an important part of the urinary system and play a vital role in filtering waste products and excess water from the blood to produce urine.

The isthmus of thyroid gland which crosses the trachea between the second and fourth tracheal cartilages. The inferior thyroid arteries are located superior to the isthmus. The pretracheal fascia, inferior thyroid veins and thymus are located inferior to the isthmus. Pretracheal lymph nodes.

The thyroid gland is an endocrine structure located in the neck. It plays a key role in regulating the metabolic rate of the body.