Kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, roughly the size of a fist, located in the lower back, one on each side of the spine. They are critical for filtering blood, removing waste and excess fluid through urine, controlling blood pressure, balancing minerals, and aiding red blood cell production.
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Key Functions of the Kidneys
Kidney Diseases and Risk Factors
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) occurs when damage prevents the nephrons from filtering properly. Common causes and risks include:
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- Diabetes: The leading cause of kidney disease.
- High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): The second leading cause.
- Family History: Genetic factors can increase risk.
Other Factors: Infections, injuries, and certain medications.
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Symptoms of Kidney Disease
Early stage kidney disease often has no symptoms. Later symptoms may include:
National Kidney Foundation
- Fatigue and weakness
- Swelling (edema) in hands, feet, or face
- Foamy urine or changes in urination frequency
- Shortness of breath
- Nausea and loss of appetite
Maintaining Kidney Health
Protect your kidneys by maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, monitoring blood pressure and blood sugar levels, reducing salt intake, and staying hydrated.
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Treatments for Kidney Failure
When kidneys fail, treatment options include dialysis (using a machine to filter blood) or a kidney transplant