The esophagus, historically also spelled oesophagus, is a tubular, elongated organ of the digestive system which connects the pharynx to the stomach. The esophagus is the organ that food travels through to reach the stomach for further digestion.

The oesophagus begins in the neck, at the level of C6. Here, it is continuous superiorly with the laryngeal part of the pharynx (the laryngopharynx).

What is the umbilical cord?

The umbilical cord is a tube that connects you to your baby during pregnancy. It has three blood vessels: one vein that carries food and oxygen from the placenta to your baby and two arteries that carry waste from your baby back to the placenta. A substance called Wharton’s jelly cushions and protects these blood vessels. The umbilical cord starts to form at about 4 weeks of pregnancy and usually grows to be about 22 inches long.

Placental circulation[edit]

The placenta is a temporary embryonic and later fetal organ that begins developing from the blastocyst shortly after implantation.

A full-term fetus is one that has completed the entire 40 weeks of gestation and is ready to be born. At this stage, the fetus is fully developed and typically weighs between 5.5 to 9 pounds (2.5 to 4 kg) and is around 19 to 21 inches (48 to 53 cm) in length.

The organs are fully matured, and the lungs have developed to the point where the fetus is capable of breathing on its own once it is born. The digestive system is also fully functional, and the fetus is able to digest and process breast milk or formula.

At 8-12 weeks of gestation, the fetus is approximately 1.6 to 2.4 inches (4 to 6 cm) long and weighs around 0.5 to 0.7 ounces (14 to 20 grams). The fetus has distinct human characteristics, including facial features such as a small nose, ears, and lips, and fingers and toes that are fully formed. The vital organs, such as the heart, liver, kidneys, and lungs, are also developing rapidly during this stage.

During the fourth week of gestation, the embryo has developed into a blastocyst and has implanted into the uterine lining. The cells within the blastocyst will continue to differentiate into the various tissues and organs of the developing fetus.

At this stage, the neural tube begins to form, which will eventually become the brain and spinal cord. The heart also begins to form and will start to beat soon after. Other organs, such as the liver, pancreas, and lungs, begin to take shape.

What does full-term mean in a pregnancy?

Once you get close to the end of your pregnancy, healthcare providers may use several terms to describe when you go into labor. These terms are labels that divide up the last few weeks of pregnancy.

They’re helpful in determining how likely a baby is to have complications at birth. For example, babies that are born in the early term period (or before it) generally have a higher risk of breathing issues than babies born at full term.

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What is a full-term pregnancy?

Pregnancy usually lasts about 40 weeks (280 days) from the first day of your last menstrual period (also called LMP) to your due date. Your due date is the date that your provider thinks you will have your baby.