RACK 4 ABDOMIN AND LOWER LIMB

Anatomical Position

The liver is predominantly located in the right hypochondrium and epigastric areas, and extends into the left hypochondrium.

When discussing the anatomical position of the liver, it is useful to consider its external surfaces, associated ligaments, and the anatomical spaces (recesses) that surround it.

By TeachMeSeries Ltd (2023)

Anatomical Position

The stomach lies within the superior aspect of the abdomen.

It primarily lies in the epigastric and umbilical regions, however, the exact size, shape and position of the stomach can vary from person to person and with position and respiration.

Anatomical Structure

Divisions of the Stomach

The stomach has four main anatomical divisions; the cardia, fundus, body and pylorus:

The small intestine is an organ located within the gastrointestinal tract. It is approximately 6.5m in the average person and assists in the digestion and absorption of ingested food.

It extends from the pylorus of the stomach to the ileocaecal junction, where it meets the large intestine at the ileocaecal valve. Anatomically, the small bowel can be divided into three parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

The bones of the foot provide mechanical support for the soft tissues; helping the foot withstand the weight of the body whilst standing and in motion.

They can be divided into three groups:

thigh, with only fascia and skin over its surface. Deep to the sartorius is the quadriceps femoris muscle.

An enlarged liver is one that's bigger than normal. The medical term is hepatomegaly (hep-uh-toe-MEG-uh-le). Rather than a disease, an enlarged liver is a sign of an underlying problem, such as liver disease, congestive heart failure or cancer.

The colon (large intestine) is the distal part of the gastrointestinal tract, extending from the cecum to the anal canal. It receives digested food from the small intestine, from which it absorbs water and electrolytes to form faeces.

The popliteal fossa is a diamond shaped area located on the posterior aspect of the knee. It is the main path by which vessels and nerves pass between the thigh and the leg.

In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the popliteal fossa – its borders, contents and clinical correlations.

Borders
 

The popliteal fossa is diamond shaped with four borders. These borders are formed by the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg and thigh:

The femoral triangle is a wedge-shaped area formed by a depression between the muscles of the thigh. It is located on the medial aspect of the proximal thigh. It is the region of the passage of the main blood vessels between the pelvis and the lower limb, as well as a large nerve supplying the thigh.

The posterior compartment of the leg contains seven muscles and can be subdivided into superficial and deep compartments.

The muscles in this compartment act to plantarflex and invert the foot. They are innervated by the tibial nerve (a branch of the sciatic nerve).

In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg – their attachments, actions and clinical correlations.