12.KIDNEY WITH URETER

The kidney with ureter is a complex organ system that plays a vital role in the urinary system. It is made up of several anatomical structures, including:

1. Kidney: The kidney is a bean-shaped organ located on both sides of the spine in the back of the abdominal cavity. It is responsible for filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood to create urine.
2. Ureter: The ureter is a muscular tube that connects the kidney to the bladder. It transports urine from the kidney to the bladder for storage before it is expelled from the body during urination.
3. Renal pelvis: The renal pelvis is a funnel-shaped structure located at the center of the kidney. It collects urine produced by the kidney and funnels it into the ureter.
4. Calyx: The calyx is a cup-like structure that surrounds the renal pelvis. It collects urine from the kidney and transports it to the renal pelvis.
5. Medulla: The medulla is the innermost part of the kidney. It contains the renal pyramids, which are responsible for producing urine.
6. Cortex: The cortex is the outer layer of the kidney. It contains the glomeruli, which are responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.
7. Nephrons: Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney. They filter blood and produce urine.

Understanding these anatomical structures is crucial for medical professionals in diagnosing and treating conditions related to the kidney and ureter, such as kidney stones, urinary tract infections, and kidney failure.