RACK 2 THORAX

The superior thoracic aperture, also known as the thoracic outlet, or thoracic inlet refers to the opening at the top of the thoracic cavity. It is also clinically referred to as the thoracic outlet, in the case of thoracic outlet syndrome

Apart from the diaphragm, the list of structures that pass through the inferior thoracic outlet is best described by considering the various diaphragmatic apertures: ​aortic hiatus (T12) (not a true aperture) esophageal hiatus (T10) vena caval foramen (T8)

The hilum is located on the medial aspect of each lung and provides the only route via which other structures enter and exit the lung. The hilum also serves as the point of attachment for the lung root and is the point at which the visceral and parietal pleura connect.

The key difference between Hilum and Root of Lung is that the Hilum of the lung is the large depressed area that lies near the centre of the medial surface while the Root of Lung is the all structures entering or leaving the lung at the hilum, forming a pedicle. Lungs are the respiratory organs of our body.

LUNG ANATOMY
The lungs are the organs responsible for respiration.

✓Function
The function of the lungs is to oxygenate blood. They achieve this by bringing inspired air into close contact with oxygen-poor blood in the pulmonary capillaries.

✓Anatomical Position and Relations
The lungs lie either side of the mediastinum, within the thoracic cavity. Each lung is surrounded by a pleural cavity, which is formed by the visceral and parietal pleura.

The right lung has three lobes and is slightly larger than the left lung, which has two lobes. The lungs are separated by the mediastinum. This area contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, and many lymph nodes.

The diaphragmatic surface (base) is concave and rests on the dome of the diaphragm; the right dome is also higher than the left dome because of the liver. The right and left lung anatomy are similar but asymmetrical.

Left lung. Your left lung has only two lobes while your right lung has three lobes. This asymmetry allows room for your heart on the left.

 left lung is smaller than the right because your heart is where the middle lobe on your left lung would be. Your left lung has two parts that your right lung doesn't have: the cardiac notch (where your heart fits) and the lingula, an extension of the superior lobe.

The left lung consists of two lobes: the left upper lobe (LUL) and the left lower lobe (LLL). The right lobe is divided by an oblique and horizontal fissure, where the horizontal fissure divides the upper and middle lobe, and the oblique fissure divides the middle and lower lobes.